The women's health initiative dietary modification trial of almost 50,000 women found no association between a low fat diet and a reduction of colorectal cancer. Translation: a low fat diet does not lower the risk of colorectal cancer.
women using statin therapy to lower cholesterol have increased type II Diabetes. Variables were accounted for and this existed across all classes of statins.
This was the WHI review of data as it pertains to dementia and cognitive decline in women. The take home here is that the data provides little evidence for premarin with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate in > 65 for prevention of dementia. However, this is in women > 65 and studies show that younger women do indeed receive benefit, especially in those with early ovary removal. Another point here, MPA (medroxyprogesterone acetate) increases cognitive decline. Just don't take MPA, it is a bad drug all the way around!
Estrogen with progestin worsens cognitive decline in women >65. Little can be taken from this study other than, medroxyprogesterone acetate is a bad drug and should not be given to women for any purpose, especially in those >65. One wonders if bioidentical, physiologic hormone replacement would have the same effect? I doubt it. The likely negative impact of hormones on the brain in women >65 is due to the negative effects of MPA, the change in inflammatory cytokines, and the change in receptors.
one can conclude that ERβ has an overall antiproliferative effect, thereby inhibiting cancer cell
proliferation and antagonizing ERα function in the breast
HRT with estrogen alone did not increase the risk of breast cancer in the
Women's Health Initiative clinical trials program
colorectal normal or cancer epithelium does not coexpress ERα and ERβ
ERβ expression resulted in the inhibition of proliferation and G1 phase cell-cycle arrest
ERβ
expression strongly inhibited cMyc and tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model
induced ERβ in CRC
cells has an antiproliferative, tumor-suppressive function that is independent of ERα
ERs also have the ability to bind many other compounds with an estrogen-like structure, including phytoestrogens
and xenoestrogens (or endocrine disruptors)
Phytoestrogens are a diverse class of natural compounds with structural similarity to estradiol
Barone et al. recently found that two ERβ-selective
phytoestrogens effectively counteracted CRC tumorigenesis and surprisingly increased ERβ expression in mice with mutations
of the tumor-suppressor gene adenomatous polyposis coli
We can conclude that estrogens are important in protecting against CRC initiation and progression, and that the protective
effect most likely is mediated by ERβ
Data review finds NAC improves pregnancy rates and ovulation rates in women with PCOS against placebo. Meta-analysis revealed limited studies on the topic. When compared to metformin, there was no difference found. Though, one wonders if attacking insulin resistance through proper diet and additional neutraceutical approach would negate that. The reason? NAC and metformin are working in different biochemical pathways. The authors here seem to not realize this. It appears that they think NAC and metormin are both working in the same manner, but they don't. The fact that there is still benefit found compared to placebo, despited the authors lack of understanding of what NAC is and does is a positive.
Study finds increased risk of diabetes in post menopause women on statin therapy. The authors here propose it as a class effect but also is associated with increased dosing.